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Bibliography


Research Materials

Anbinder, Tyler. Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850's. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Baker, Shawn.  "American Nativism, 1840-1845." The American Religious Experience. Accessed November 10, 2011. 

Baker, Shawn and Joshua B. Freeman. "History's Mad Hatters: The Strange Evolution of Tea Party Populism." Mother Jones. Accessed November 10, 2011. 

Belisle, Orvilla S. The Arch Bishop, or, Romanism in the United States. Philadelphia: W.W. Smith, 1855. [Google Books]

Boyle, William J. The Story of St. Michaels, 1834-1934. Philadelphia: Press of Jeffries & Manz, 2004.

Brainerd, M. Life of Rev. Thomas Brainerd, D.d: For Thirty Years Pastor of Old Pine Street Church, Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1870. [Internet Archive]

Cambell, John H. History of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and of the Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from Ireland: March 17, 1771-March 17, 1892. Philadelphia: Hibernian Society, 1892. [Internet Archive]

Condon, Peter. "Knownothingism." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Accessed November 10, 2011. 

Contosta, David R., and Dennis J. Gallagher. Villanova University, 1842-1992: American--catholic--augustinian. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.

Dorsey, Bruce. "Freedom of Religion: Bibles, Public Schools, and Philadelphia's Bloody Riots of 1844." Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Accessed November 10, 2011. 

Feldberg, Michael. The Philadelphia Riots of 1844: A Study of Ethnic Conflict. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1975.

Geffen, Elizabeth M. "Violence in Philadelphia in the 1840's and 1850's." Pennsylvania History 36 (1969): 381-410. 

Lannie, Vincent P. and Bernard C. Diethorn. "For the Honor and Glory of God: The Phiadelphia Bible Riots of 1844." History of Education Quarterly v. 8 n. 1 (1968): 44-106.

Monk, Maria. Awful Disclosures by Maria Monk, of The Hotel Dieu Nunnery of Montreal; With An Appendix; An Supplement Giving More Particulars of the Nunnery and Grounds. London: James S. Hodson, 1837. [Internet Archive]

Montgomery, David. "The Shuttle and the Cross: Weavers and Artisans in the Kensington Riots of 1844." Journal of Social History v. 5 n. 4 (1972): 411-446.

O'Toole, James M. The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008.

--. The Catholic Herald. July 11, 1844.

Philadelphia Riots Collection. This collection contains materials related to the Anti-Catholic Philadelphia Riots (also known as the Nativist Riots, the Philadelphia Prayer Riots, and the Bible Riots) in 1844. These materials are owned by the American Catholic Historical Society and maintained at the Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center, 100 E. Wynnewood Rd. Wynnewood, PA 19096.  Digital access is provided by Villanova's Digital Library.  [Digital Library]  

Exhibition Materials

--. Address of the Catholic Lay Citizens: Of the City and County of Philadelphia, to Their Fellow-Citizens, in Reply to the Presentment of the Grand Jury...in Regardsto the Causes of the Late Riots in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: M. Fithian, 1844. [Digital Library] 

"American citizens! We appeal to you in all calmness. Is it not time to pause?...A paper entitled the American Patriot." Graphic. Boston: J.E. Farwell & Co., 1852. From the Library of Congress: Popular Graphic Arts Collection. [Library of Congress]

Belisle, Orvilla S. The Arch Bishop, or, Romanism in the United States (Philadelphia: W.W. Smith, 1855), p. 221. From the Library of Kenneth W. Milano. [K.W. Milano]

Brainerd, Thomas. Our Country Safe from Romanism: A Sermon Delivered at the Opening...Western Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, April, 1841. Philadelphia: L.R. Bailey, 1843. [Digital Library]

"Brigadier General George Cadwalader, half-length portrait, facing left, in uniform." Print. From the Library of Congress: Popular Graphic Arts Collection. [Library of Congress]

Broadside, Bishop Francis Patrick [Kenrick], Philadelphia May 7, 1844. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

Broadside, George Schiffler Poem. From the Library of Kenneth Milano. [K.W. Milano]

Broadside, Map of Kensington Anti-Catholic Riot of May 1844. From the Library of Kenneth W. Milano. Courtesy Dan Dailey. [K.W. Milano]

Broadside, Verses Composed on the Slaughter of Native Americans, In Kensington, Philadelphia, May, 1844. From the Library of Kenneth Milano. [K.W. Milano]

"Church of St. Philip de Neri. Philadelphia. Penna." Print. Philadelphia: Packard & Butler, 1880. From the Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center. [PAHRC]

Contosta, David R., and Dennis J. Gallagher. Villanova University, 1842-1992: American--catholic--augustinian.(University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995), 9. From Villanova University Archives, Villanova Pennsylvania. [Villanova Archives]

Death of George Schiffler in Kensington. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Pennsylvaniana Collection. [Digital Library]

Division Order, To: Colonel Goodman From: Major General Patterson, May 8, 1844. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

"Hon. Morton McMichael." Photograph. 1848. From the Library Company of Philadelphia: Print Department Cased Photos Collection. [Library Company of Philadelphia]

Journal, Morton McMichael, [1844?]. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

Kenrick, Francis Patrick, Edmond F. Prendergast, and F. E. T. Diary and visitation record of the Rt. Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, administrator and bishop of Philadelphia, 1830-1851, later, archbishop of Baltimore. Lancaster, Pa: Wickersham Print. Co.: 1916. [Internet Archive]

Lee, John H. The Origin and Progress of the American Party in Politics: Embracing a Complete History of the Philadelphia Riots in May and July, 1844...and a Refutation of the Arguments Founded on the Charges of Religious Proscription and Secret Combinations. Philadelphia: Elliott & Gihon, 1855. [Internet Archive]

Leland, John. An Answer to a Late Book Intituled, Christianity As Old As the Creation (Dublin: Printed by S. Powell for A. Bradley, 1733), title page. [Digital Library]

Letter, To: General Robert Patterson, From: Morton McMichael, July 7, 1844. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

Letter, To: "Gentlemen" From: [Morton McMichael], July 8, 1844. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

"North-east corner of Third & Dock Street. Girard Bank, at the time the latter was occupied by the military during the riots." Photograph. Philadelphia: W & F Langenheim. May 9, 1844. From the Library Company of Philadelphia: Print Department, Cased Photos Collection. [Library Company of Philadelphia]

McGowan, Francis X. Historical Sketch of St. Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, Pa., 1796-1896. Philadelphia,Pa: Augustinian Fathers, 1896. [Digital Library]

Mclees, J.E. "The 1844 Chapel." Image. From Villanova University Archives, Villanova Pennsylvania. [Villanova Archives]

Morse, Samuel F.B.  Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States: The Numbers of Brutus, Originall Published in the New-York Observer. New York: Levitt, Lord & Co, 1835. [Internet Archive]

Munroe, James P.  The New England Conscience: With Typical Examples (Boston: R.G. Badger, 1915), p. 128. [Internet Archive]

Pedron, Michael. "Morton McMichael." Photograph. 2011. Courtesy Michael Pedron. [Flickr]

Perry, John B. A Full and Complete Account of the Late Awful Riots in Philadelphia: Embellished with Ten Engaving. Philadelphia: John B. Perry, no. 198 Market Street. Henry Jordon, Third and Dock Street. New York: Nafis & Cornish, 1844. [Digital Library]

Print, Ruins of St. Augustine's Church, North 4th Street, Philadelphia. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Patrick Coad Family Papers. [Digital Library]

Protestant, and N.P. The Truth Unveiled, Or, a Calm and Impartial Exposition of the Origin and Immediate Cause of the Terrible Riots in Philadelphia on May 6th, 7th, and 8th, A.d. 1844. Philadelphia: Printed by M.. Fithian, 1844. [Digital Library]

Riot in Philadelphia. July 7 1844. From Villanova University’s Digital Library: Pennsylvaniana Collection. [Digital Library]

"See Our Torn Flag Still Waving." Print. Philadelphia: James Porter Senr. 76 1/2 Lombard St., 1844. From the Library of Congress: Cartoon Prints, American Collection. [Library of Congress]

Sheriff's Posse, July 7, 1844. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

St. Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Church Lithographs Collection. [Digital Library]

"St. Michael's Church." Print. Philadelphia: Christian Inger, 1875. From the Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center. 

Statement, From: Morton McMichael, July 8, 1844. From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

Statements, [Miss Bedford and Gibbon, March 16, 1844?].  From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

--. Street Talk About an Ordinance of Councils Passed on 11th July, 1844, Organizing a Military Force for the Government of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: s.n., 1844. [Digital Library]

Testimony, Mr. Moore, [n.d].  From Villanova University's Digital Library: Philadelphia Riots Collection. [Digital Library]

Tisdale, W.S. The Know Nothing Almanac and the True Americans' Manual, for 1865. New York: De Witt & Davenport, 1855. [Digital Library]

--. The American Sailor's Songster. (Philadelphia 915 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia: Fisher & Brother, 1846), 45. From Falvey Memorial Library Special Collections. 

--. The Full Particulars of the Late Riots, with a View of the Burning of the Catholic Churches, St. Michaels & St. Augustines. Philadelphia: Published at 23 N. Second street, 1844. [Digital Library]

--. The Hibernia Fire Engine Company, No.1 (Philadelphia: Printed by J.B. Chandler, 1859), plate. [Digital Library]

--. The Know Nothing Almanac and True Americans' Manual, for 1855. New York: De Witt & Davenport, 1854. [Digital Library]

"The Liberty Bell's Sister." Image. From Villanova University Archives, Villanova Pennsylvania. [Villanova Archives]

--. The Olive Branch, Or, an Earnest Appeal in Behalf of Religion, the Supremacy of Law, and Social Order: With Documents Relating to the Late Disturbances in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: M. Fithian, 1844. [Digital Library]

 "The Propagation Society. More Free than Welcome." Graphic. New York: Nathaniel Currier at no. 2 Spruce St., c1855. From the Library of Congress: Popular Graphic Arts Collection. [Library of Congress]

"The three days if May 1844. Columbia mourns her citizens slain." Print. Philadelphia: Colon & Adriance, 1844. From the Library of Congress: Cartoon Prints, American Collection. [Library of Congress]

"This certifies that [blank] is a member of the Native American Republican Association of Philadelphia."  Graphic.  Philadelphia: W.L. Germon, c1845. From Library of Congress: Popular Graphic Arts Collection. [Library of Congress]

"Uncle Sam's Youngest Son, Citizen Know Nothing." Print. New York: Williams & Co., 353 Broadway, N.Y., c1854. From the Library of Congress: Popular Graphic Arts Collection. [Library of Congress]

"United Americans of the state of New York." Graphic. New York: C. Parsons & G.H. Raymond, c1848. From the Library of Congress: Popular Graphic Arts Collection. [Library of Congress]

"Villanova College in 1849." Graphic. From Villanova University Archives, Villanova Pennsylvania. [Villanova Archives]

Westcott, Thompson and John T. Scharf. History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884 (Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1884), p. 667. [Digital Library]

Wilcox, Cadmus M, and Mary R. Wilcox. History of the Mexican War (Washington, D.C.: Church News Pub. Co.: 1892), p. 257. [Internet Archive]

 

 


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